Can perceptual averaging really occur in the absence of change localization?
Giesinger, Candice
Noticing the location of an object that causes a change to the mean of a set relies on the ability to determine the mean of the set, and detect that a change has occurred (Rensink, 2002). Previous research suggests that people are able to retain information about the mean emotion of a set of faces even when they are unsure which items changed between the two sets (Haberman & Whitney, 2011). Subjects in that study, however, could use a strategy of localizing the most emotionally extreme face in the set to reliably determine the correct response in the mean discrimination task. In the present study, the utility of this strategy was eliminated. Subjects completed 4 blocks of trials consisting of 48 trials per block. On each trial, subjects viewed two consecutive displays of faces contained within circles. Four items increased (or decreased) in size or emotional intensity. In Experiment 1, subjects first determined whether average size or emotion increased or decreased from the first display to the second, then localized one of the four changed items. In Experiment 2, the order of responding was reversed. The results suggest that when performing both a mean discrimination and localization task, subjects use their knowledge of which stimulus in the set changed to guide their response on the mean discrimination task. Focusing attention to a local region of a display prevents the global distribution of attention necessary for perceptual averaging (Chong & Treisman, 2003). Thus, averaging is not possible when change detection fails.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 23 p.
Can perceptual averaging really occur in the absence of change localization?
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Parenting and practical wisdom: moral decision-making in disciplinary practice
Parenting and practical wisdom: moral decision-making in disciplinary practice
Tippe, Joshua
Aristotle (2004) stated every art, activity, and science aims at some good outcome. In parenting, this manifests as a desire for one’s children to be good people and to grow into mature, responsible adults. Discipline has the potential to be either harmful or helpful, often requiring thoughtful consideration of multiple factors before determining an appropriate response. According to virtue theory, practical wisdom (phronesis) is a chain of reasoning by which people determine how best to act (Fowers, 2005). The present study examined parental responses to child misbehaviour. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four parents recruited from the community, wherein they described how they handled specific instances of child misbehaviour. Thematic analysis – as recommended by Braun and Clarke (2006) – was used to analyze the collected data. Five themes consistent with existing literature on eudaimonic psychological theory and phronetic reasoning were identified (Moral Perception, Deliberation, Reasoned Choice, Learning from Upbringing, and Parental Duty). The immediate concern of future research is to conduct further interviews to reach theoretical saturation. However, these findings give cause for optimism regarding future research on practical wisdom in parental practice and could potentially generate multiple avenues for future investigation. At present, the themes identified in the present study are glimpses of the relevancy practical wisdom and eudaimonic theory may have in understanding the flourishing family unit.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. iv, 58 p.
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Effects of motor involvement on memory performance for pictorial and 3D objects
Effects of motor involvement on memory performance for pictorial and 3D objects
Seilman, Stephanie
Recent research indicates that memory for real objects is superior to memory for matched pictures (Snow, Skiba, Coleman, & Berryhill, 2014). Although there are several possible explanations for this memory difference, this study was specifically interested in assessing the role of motor involvement. Since real objects offer affordances for action, they may unconsciously engage the motor system when they are viewed. If the motor involvement explanation is correct, I hypothesized that fully engaging the motor system by having individuals interact with the objects should further enhance memory for objects but not for pictures. The study used a 2 (stimuli: object vs picture) x 2 (task: motor vs non-motor) between-subjects design. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to each of the four conditions. Participants engaged in a simple judgment task which involved making a decision by grasping the stimuli (motor) or writing the decision on paper (non-motor). Following the task, recall and recognition scores were assessed. As hypothesized, recall for objects was further enhanced in the motor condition relative to the non-motor condition, and no such improvements were found across the picture conditions. The results of this study suggest that motor system involvement facilitates enhanced memory for objects.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 21 p.
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Problem gambling, personality traits, and culture
Problem gambling, personality traits, and culture
Madey, Renee
Problem gambling (PG) lies at the end of an unknown path, which was explored in the following study. Specifically, personality traits and cross-cultural differences were examined in the realm of PG. The HEXACO personality traits (honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and cultural variations (particular attitudes, cultural orientation-individualistic and collectivistic differences among cultures-and acculturation difficulties) were analysed for any associations with problem gambling (examined with the Problem Gambling Severity Index and the Gambling Behaviour Scale). The Psychology and Business participant pools at the University of Regina were used as the sample ($=257). Certain HEXACO personality traits (particularly honesty-humility, emotionality and conscientiousness) have revealed a relationship with PG, computed through correlational analysis. Likewise, cultural factors (acculturation and cultural orientation variables) are also correlated with problem gambling. A multiple regression analysis has indicated that factors of problem gambling (certain HEXACO personality traits) are indeed predictive. Furthermore, beyond age, gender, and the HEXACO traits, cultural variables did not explain any additional variance in problem gambling or general gambling tendencies. Thus, these findings suggest that the HEXACO inventory delivers strong utility in measuring personality traits that may be predictive of PG.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 16 p.
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Does inversion disrupt averaging of emotional expressions?
Does inversion disrupt averaging of emotional expressions?
Schimmel, Sarah Elyse
Previous research suggests subjects compute statistical summary representations (SSRs) to represent the average emotion of a set of faces without representing the individual faces comprising the set. Evidence for this claim relies on the finding that subjects can identify changes to average expression even when they cannot localize any face that changed. However, previous work in our lab suggests subjects must perceive changes to individual faces to infer changes in average expression. Thus, it is unclear whether subjects can compute average expression without encoding individual faces. Inverting faces impairs recognition of some individual facial expressions (sadness, disgust) more than others (fear, neutral). Subjects judged which of two consecutive arrays of upright or inverted faces displayed more sadness or disgust, or were more fearful or neutral. Finding that 1) inversion interferes with recognition of fear/neutral in ensembles of faces and 2) inversion has no effect on recognition of average sadness/disgust in ensembles would demonstrate a double dissociation between the processing of individual items and ensembles, and provide strong support for the claim that computing the average expression of a set of faces does not rely on individual exemplars. Results showed a double dissociation between the processing of individual items and ensembles. The inversion effect was statistically significant for items of disgust, but not for ensembles, and was not statistically significant for neutral items, but was for ensembles. The inversion effect was statistically significant for items and ensembles of both fear and sadness.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 30 p.
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The effects of deviancy and item difficulty on learning temporal order in action
The effects of deviancy and item difficulty on learning temporal order in action
Blakley, Taline
Performing actions in a specific order is an essential part of many daily activities. Working memory is known to support memory for temporal order in digit and spatial sequences, but less is known about the ability to learn temporal order in regard to action sequences, which are an essential part of many daily activities. Research with children has shown that memory for order is sensitive to deviant input and is the least prioritized in a hierarchy of processing steps when learning action sequences, following object identification and sub-action identification. Similar research had not been conducted with adult participants until now. The present study investigated the effects of deviant order on temporal memory for actions with adult participants, with varied ease of object categorization used to assess whether adults' memory for ordered sequences is supported by the processing hierarchy. Results showed that the ease of object categorization had a significant effect on memory for target actions, as participants recalled more actions in the easy condition. Additionally, the presence of a deviant order had a significant effect on memory for order in the difficult-to-categorize object condition, but the effect was not significant in the easy-to-categorize object condition. This suggests that the presence of a deviant order hinders adults' ability to learn order sequences, but does so to a lesser extent when the actions in the order sequence are performed with easily categorized objects. These results support the theorized processing hierarchy, with the presence of a deviant order having a larger effect on memory for novel action sequences when the objects are difficult to categorize. These results have implications for theories of working memory and learning in real world contexts.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 22 p.
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Examining the self-reported psychological functioning of parents of children with cystic fibrosis
Examining the self-reported psychological functioning of parents of children with cystic fibrosis
Schmitz, Tiana Lynn
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic, life-threatening disease among Caucasians, which impacts multiple organs and requires extensive therapies. Although adults with CF can typically care for their medical needs independently, children and adolescents with CF require considerable assistance from caregivers. Previous research has indicated that parents who have children with CF are at increased risk for psychopathology (i.e., depression and anxiety). However, there is extant research examining the psychological functioning of Canadian parents of children and adolescents with CF. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to extend the current literature by examining psychological functioning (i.e., anxiety, depression, health anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and intolerance to uncertainty) in Canadian parents who have children and adolescents with CF. Ten parents of children with CF, ages 37-49 (M = 43.10, SD = 4.012) completed a battery of measures designed to assess anxiety and associated constructs. Results demonstrated that the majority of constructs of interest were significantly associated, with the exception that both heath anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty were not significantly associated with all constructs. Results also showed a statistically significant difference between ratings of health anxiety by parents in the current sample and a normative sample. The current study is the first of its kind to explore anxiety, depression, health anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and intolerance to uncertainty in a population of Canadian parents of children and adolescents with CF. Information gleaned from this study will improve our understanding of the functioning of this group of parents. The knowledge obtained is essential to facilitate early identification of psychological distress in these parents leading to the development of tailored psychological interventions.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 52 p.
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Surveying Policy Priorities: The Saskatchewan Women’s Issues Study
Surveying Policy Priorities: The Saskatchewan Women’s Issues Study
Fletcher, Amber J.; McWhinney, Tara
This report presents the findings of a two-year academic study on the topic of gender issues, public policy, and public engagement in the province of Saskatchewan, which was conducted between 2016 and 2018. The Saskatchewan-based project reported here was part of a larger pan-Canadian study to test different methods of public engagement on women’s issues across the country. The main objective of the Saskatchewan case study was to identify key issues of concern to Saskatchewan residents on the general topic of women’s and gender issues, and to obtain participants’ recommendations for addressing these issues.
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Local Food in Saskatchewan - Barriers and Opportunities
Local Food in Saskatchewan - Barriers and Opportunities
Campbell, Holly; Sanden, Tracy; Triffo, Taya; Fletcher, Amber J.
Saskatchewan agriculture is heavily focused on export, which has led to a relatively underdeveloped local food system compared to other parts of Canada. Key reasons for the province’s strong export orientation include export-oriented policies dating back to the establishment of commercial agriculture in the late 1800s and continuing today (Fowke 1957; Government of Saskatchewan 2017), in addition to geographic and climatic factors such as Saskatchewan’s high land-to-population ratio, dispersed rural population, semi-arid climate, and long, cold winters. Contemporary agriculture in Saskatchewan is highly industrialized and centred on large-scale production of grain and oilseed crops, cattle, and other livestock. In the unique context of Saskatchewan, farmers wishing to sell their products in local markets face specific challenges that may not exist in other Canadian regions, such as southern Ontario or British Columbia (e.g., Newman et al. 2015; Telfer 2008; Statistics Canada 2017b).
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Image preference biases on manual and oculomotor tasks in preliterate children
Image preference biases on manual and oculomotor tasks in preliterate children
Isabelle, Nicole
Pseudoneglect is a leftward spatial bias that is observed in neurotypical people, or people with no known brain damage (Bowers & Heilman, 1980). Line bisection tasks are commonly used to investigate this phenomenon that involve participants marking where they perceive the midpoint to be on a horizontal line. Consistently, neurotypical participants will err to the left of centre on these tasks. Several factors contribute to the extent to which pseudoneglect is experienced including handedness, gender, age, and native reading direction (for a review, see Jewell & McCourt, 2000). Native reading direction been observed to be extremely influential in the direction and severity of spatial biases, with left-to-right reader erring to the left and right-to-left readers erring to right (Faghihi et al., 2019). The majority of studies examining pseudoneglect have included only adult participants or a mix of both child and adult participants. The present study examined this lateral spatial bias in children who have not yet learned to read. Twenty-nine four and five-year-old children completed a task in which they placed felt cut-out images onto felt boards, as well as a forced-choice mirrored image task. Each task was coded and scored for lateral preferences. Children displayed a strong leftward bias for figure placement (p = .007) on the felt board task and a non-significant rightward weighted image preference on the forced choice paradigm. The predicted leftward bias on the felt board task and the unpredicted pattern of directionality between the two tasks is discussed in terms of oculomotor and manual/motor mechanisms and right hemisphere activation.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 27 p.
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Are we more receptive to bullshit when it comes from a source we trust?
Are we more receptive to bullshit when it comes from a source we trust?
Brogden, Sydney
The current work sought to explore the relationship between trust and pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. There is currently a gap in the literature when considering how trust in a source will impact an individual’s receptivity to pseudo-profound bullshit. An individual’s trust in a given source will influence how content from that source is evaluated, and consequently how it is perceived (Hovland & Weiss, 1951; Lorge 1936). Pseudo-profound bullshit is bullshit that is constructed in a way that sounds impressive due to obscure and complex language but is empty of meaning (Pennycook et al., 2015b). Two studies were designed to explore the relationship between information about who the source of the content is, participants opinion of that source, and pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity. Study One (N = 163) was meant to replicate and extend previous findings of Pennycook and colleagues’ 2015(b) study by including another individual to provide content, and to replicate findings with respect to the Cognitive Reflection Task (CRT). Study Two compared conditions of Source (source provided or not) and opinions (reliability, fandom) to see how these conditions affect bullshit receptivity. It was thought that a positive opinion of a presented source would result in higher profundity ratings, whereas a negative opinion with a source presented would result in lower profundity ratings. Results were expected to be similar regardless of opinion when no source information was provided. Results from Study One were as expected, with strong (r > .70) positive correlations between real and generated phrases, which correlate negatively with the CRT. This implies that the real and generated content are psychologically indistinguishable. Study Two proceeded but found no main interaction for source condition and opinion. Presence or absence of the given source did not have a direct impact on profundity ratings. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 44 p.
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Multiple perpetrator crime: examining the impact of cognitive load during memory retrieval on eyewitness testimony during multiple perpetrator crimes
Multiple perpetrator crime: examining the impact of cognitive load during memory retrieval on eyewitness testimony during multiple perpetrator crimes
Workman, Tenielle A.
Eyewitnesses are a very important part of police investigations and they play a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Judges and jurors hold what eyewitnesses say in high regard and, for this reason, eyewitness identifications have a large impact on who gets charged with a crime. There are, however, several factors that can hinder the eyewitness’ ability to make an accurate identification. Psychological research shows that eyewitness identifications are often erroneous and problematic. Most of the current research investigating facial recognition and identification, addresses only the recognition of a single person. This is problematic because most real- world crime situations involve multiple perpetrators. Furthermore, the effects of cognitive load during memory retrieval during multiple perpetrator crimes are understudied. It is known that cognitive load effects the encoding of memories of multiple perpetrators, but such effects on memory retrieval are unknown. Thus, this study sought to examine the effects of cognitive load during memory retrieval on eyewitness testimony during multiple perpetrator crime. Further, it hoped to determine if the human brain becomes overloaded when there are too many factors impacting memory retrieval. Participants were recruited from introductory psychology classes, where they watched a brief video containing four target faces. Following a twenty- minute delay, participants were given a lineup identification task, with cognitive load manipulated throughout each condition. Results demonstrated that cognitive load did not influence lineup selection, however target presence was unsurprisingly an impactful factor. In target present lineups, the suspect was more likely to be selected, and in target absent lineups, the lineup was more likely to be rejected.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 42 p.
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Social and cognitive predictors of cognitive restructuring
Social and cognitive predictors of cognitive restructuring
Manjegani, S. Yasaman
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an efficacious treatment for many forms of psychiatric disorders; however, and despite its efficacy, a substantial minority of patients do not benefit from CBT. As such, there is a need to further understand which patients will benefit from CBT. The ability to identify and challenge negative automatic thoughts is a shared component of variant forms of CBT, and is typically achieved clinically through cognitive restructuring. To date, very limited research has examined the role of socio-cognitive individual differences, such as analytical thinking, in predicting the capacity to perform effective restructuring. The present study examined the correlation between analytical thinking, as measured by the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), and cognitive restructuring capacity, as rated on a coded 6-item scale of cognitive restructuring performance (e.g., capacity to identify situation, thought, emotion, cognitive distortion category, etc.) created for this study. We recruited a sample of 281 participants (female n=119 or 42.3%) online through Mechanical Turk (MTurk) (Amazon Web Services, 2005) and asked them to complete measures of analytical thinking (CRT), and depressive symptoms and its cognitive correlates (rumination; cognitive distortions). Participants then watched a psychoeducation video on how to appropriately perform restructuring, and then asked to complete a task in which they were challenged to restructure a recent negative automatic thought of their own. Analyses revealed no significant correlation between CRT and restructuring scores (r = -.05; p = 0.61); however, there was significant negative correlations between rumination and cognitive restructuring scores, (r = -.16; p = .009), as well as cognitive distortions and cognitive restructuring scores (r = - 0.13; p = 0.034). No significant correlation was found between any demographic variables and cognitive restructuring scores. Higher baseline ruminative cognitive style and use of cognitive distortions may be associated with capacity for effective engagement with cognitive restructuring in the context of CBT.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 33 p.
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Supporting resilience: investigating social support as a mediator of resilience in RCMP members
Supporting resilience: investigating social support as a mediator of resilience in RCMP members
Abrams, Ailesh R.
Background: In a Canada-wide survey of public safety personnel, Royal Canadian Mounted Police members (RCMP) scored especially high on screening measures of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder (PD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) (Carleton et al, 2018; Di Nota et al; 2020). Social support and resilience have been linked across multiple studies to symptom reduction in the aforementioned disorders (Batinić et al, 2009; Beadel et al, 2016; Bitsika et al, 2010; Lee et al, 2014; McCanlies et al, 2018; Pietrzak et al, 2010; Sangalang & Gee, 2012). Researchers suggest that resilience is a trait factor, whereas social support can vary across the lifespan; therefore, the current study was designed to identify a hypothesised mediation effect of social support in the relationship between resilience and symptom measures.
Method: There were 1207 RCMP members who completed the web-based Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment (CIPSRT) prevalence survey. Self-report measures of GAD, PTSD, PD, MDD, resilience (BRS), and social support (SPS) were used as independent variables in regression analyses assessing mediation effects of social support in the relationship between resilience and symptom measures. All analyses were bootstrapped with 5,000 samples to provide robust probability estimates and confidence intervals.
Results: For the GAD model, GAD symptoms were significantly associated with SPS (b = -.11, all ps
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Emotions and actions: eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviours
Emotions and actions: eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviours
Ballman, Carla J.
In 2017, the APA published a guide describing the mental health issues associated with climate change, including rising rates of stress, depression, and anxiety. The guide highlighted ways that psychologists can support individuals and communities in dealing with these issues. Research in climate change communication indicates that people are better able to tolerate challenges if they are aware of actions they can take to improve their situation (e.g., Pelletier & Sharp, 2008; Whitmarsh et al., 2011). In this vein, many environmentalists believe that eco-anxiety is reduced by engaging in pro-environmental behaviour (PEB). The current study examined this possibility by assessing the association between eco-anxiety and PEB. Eco-anxiety was measured using an adaptation of Helm et al.’s (2018) Perceived Environmental Stress scale. To measure PEB we developed a scale based on Stern’s (2000) categories of environmentalism, namely environmental consumption, citizenship, and activism. Nature relatedness and generalized trust were also measured to examine potential attitudinal differences influencing eco-anxiety. The results of this study can potentially suggest specific options for psychologists working with clients suffering from increased eco-anxiety and other mental health issues associated with climate change.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 37 p.
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Health anxiety and associated constructs in children and adolescents who have undergone a heart transplant
Health anxiety and associated constructs in children and adolescents who have undergone a heart transplant
Ram, Malina
Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to a diverse number of diseases present at birth characterized by a structural heart defect. Children with significant structural heart defects often require surgery and, in some cases, may require a heart transplantation. Children with chronic health conditions such as CHD are at increased risk for mental health difficulties. Limited research has explored the mental health impact on children/adolescents with CHD. The current study sought to expand the existing literature and to examine health anxiety and associated constructs in children/adolescents who have undergone a heart transplantation compared to a typically developing comparison group. Eighteen participants (9 CHD and 9 typically developing participants), ages 7 to 17 years (mean age = 9.94, SD = 3.10), completed self-reported measures of health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity and DSM-IV anxiety disorder symptoms. Statistically significant differences were observed between children and adolescence with CHD and normative samples for health anxiety (i.e., CIAS total scores), t(16) = 2.26, p = .04. No other statistically significant group differences were observed. Study findings facilitate an increase in our understanding of the psychological needs of children and adolescence with heart transplantation in particular, and CHD in general, and may aid in the development of tailored supports and interventions aimed at improving the mental health and quality of life for this population.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 33 p.
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The effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Showchuk, Caleigh Tate
Background/Rationale: The risk of musculoskeletal pain conditions increases in women following the transition to menopause. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the efficacy of postmenopausal hormone therapy on the prevalence of these conditions.
Methods: We searched seven databases to identify relevant literature. Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias and extracted the data. Case-control, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies were eligible, as were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Low back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, temporomandibular disorder, fibromyalgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, and joint pain were eligible outcomes. Where a sufficient number of studies using similar methodologies and examining the same outcome were identified, a meta-analysis using a random effects model was applied. The study methodology was registered with PROSPERO.
Results: Of the 2,383 studies screened, 17 were eligible to be included in the systematic review. Three meta-analyses were conducted. One analysis of three RCTs found that hormone therapy use was associated with a decreased prevalence of joint pain (OR=0.89, p=0.34). A second analysis of three cross-sectional studies found no relationship between hormone use and rheumatoid arthritis (p=.65). A third analysis of four cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggested that hormone therapy use was associated with an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OR=1.49, p=.016).
Conclusion: The effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on musculoskeletal pain differs according to study type and pain condition. More RCTs are needed to more definitively determine the effect of specific hormonal preparations on each specific pain condition.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. 45 p.
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The influence of childhood adversity, resiliency, and attachment on dark triad traits
The influence of childhood adversity, resiliency, and attachment on dark triad traits
Taylor, Emma K.
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE’s) such as abuse and neglect have been closely linked to poor outcomes in adulthood. Research has identified that attachment styles and resilience can act as a protective mechanism against the negative effects of ACE’s (Simeon et al., 2007). However, these effects have not yet been studied with dark triad personality traits (psychopathy, narcissism, machiavellianism) as the outcome variable. Purpose: The present study sought to reveal the predictive relationship of ACE’s, resilience, and attachment on dark triad traits (DTT). Method: For the present study, 120 participants completed a set of online self-report questionnaires assessing ACEs, resilience, attachment style, and DTT. Results: Multiple linear regressions were conducted with DTTs as outcome variables. All models including DTT averages (p <.000 machiavellianism .000 narcissism .001 and psychopathy were significant. age sexual orientation number of children anxious avoidant attachment variables significantly contributed to our model predictions. limitations: participants mostly female heterosexual had no european descent implications: these findings suggest that style other demographics may play a more important role in be appropriate targets for interventions related triad traits than the aces one has experienced. future studies with clinical samples longitudinal study designs advanced statistical analyses are needed. practically influence clinicians direction treatment. thesis submitted partial fulfillment requirements degree bachelor arts psychology university regina. p.>
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The influence of social support, resilience, and adversity on health: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults
The influence of social support, resilience, and adversity on health: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults
Vargas, Maria F. Garcia
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and related psychosocial processes have been widely linked to unfavorable health outcomes among children, adolescents, and younger adults. Research examining these relationships among middle-aged and older adults, however, is sparse. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the influence of ACEs and two psychosocial processes (i.e., perceived social support [PSS], psychological resilience [PR]) on global self-rated health among middle-aged and older adults. A total of 77 community-dwelling adults who resided in Saskatchewan completed a set of online self-report questionnaires regarding ACEs, PSS, PR, and global self-rated health. The sample included 57 cisgender females, 15 cisgender men, and 5 transgender men between the ages of 39 and 88 years (M = 65.36; SD = 9.00). Statistical analyses comprised of a series of multiple regressions with ACEs, PSS, and PR as the predictor variables and global self-rated health (i.e., rating of overall health, rating of overall health compared to peers, and satisfaction with overall current health) as the outcome variable. Results revealed that the model for overall health (p = .016) was significant with PR, p = .016, as a significant predictor in the model. Furthermore, the model for overall health compared to peers was significant with PR, p = .001, and PSS, p = .045, as significant predictors in the model. These findings provide preliminary support for interventions targeting psychological resilience and perceived social support to promote better self-rated health among middle-aged and older adults.
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Psychology, University of Regina. vii, 53 p.
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Saskatchewan's Anti-Poverty Plan, From Dependence to Independence: Does It Measure Up?
Saskatchewan's Anti-Poverty Plan, From Dependence to Independence: Does It Measure Up?
Banks, Brian; Gingrich, Paul
Income inequality, poverty and the social exclusion that follow from lack of opportunity are critical issues facing provincial governments. It is provincial governments after all who are charged with addressing these issues, as well as responsibility for taking a lead role with the federal government to work toward comprehensive long term solutions...
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